Lenovo offers Alder Lake CPUs from the quad-core Core i3 all the way up to a Core i9 with a total of 16 cores (eight P-cores and eight E-cores—our CPU reviews show the benefits of these smaller cores for workloads that distribute well across many CPU cores).
The P360 is smaller than high-performance mini PCs like Intel's NUC 12 Extreme, which also uses 12th-gen Alder Lake CPUs with up to 16 cores—the NUC measures 14.1×7.4×4.7 inches, while the ThinkStation is just 8.7×7.9×3.4 inches.But the NUC does have the advantage of using a standard PCI Express slot with a GPU that can be upgraded a couple years down the line, though its small size will generally limit you to physically smaller GPUs than you can use in a full-size desktop or a roomier mini ITX PC build.
We also don't know whether (or how much) the P360 Ultra's CPU or GPU will be constrained by power or heat limitations—the system tops out at a 300 W power supply, which is less power than a high-end desktop GPU like the RT 3080 or 3090 can consume all by itself.