The White House cited his "philanthropic efforts".
It is common for outgoing presidents to issue pardons before they leave the White House.In latter days, Gerald Ford pardoned Richard Nixon for all offences he may have committed, and Jimmy Carter pardoned most who had evaded the Vietnam War draft - both examples of preemptive pardons.Trump pardons two convicted by Russia investigation.Trump and pardons: How many people could be granted clemency.Trump pardons Paul Manafort, Roger Stone and Charles KushnerTrump: I have 'absolute right' to pardon myselfRussia: The 'cloud' over the Trump White HouseMr Biden will take an oath in front of the US Capitol, shortly after Donald Trump leaves the White HouseTrump includes ex-aide Bannon in swathe of pardonsBiden to be sworn in as Trump leaves White HouseBiden to be sworn in as Trump leaves White House8